人類記憶
人腦不是電腦。人腦也不包含等同於硬碟來儲存資訊的東西。
與一般的想法和直覺相反，人腦所記住的任何東西都不是從腦中擷取出來的，而是以突觸前神經元釋放神經傳導物，以及突觸後神經元的感受器相對應地吸收神經傳導物的模式，臨時重新製造出來的。當我們記起某件事情時，這種模式就會重複出現。這種神經遞質的釋放與吸收創造了一個想法，或是世界的心智影像。
對於休息中的大腦或被其他任務所佔據的大腦來說，任何在某個時刻實際上沒有被記起的東西，根本就不存在。實際上沒有任何東西會被儲存和檢索。
但是在適當的場合，當需要知道一些之前已經知道的事情時，神經遞質釋放到突觸的特定模式，以及它們的吸收，就會重新上演。某些記憶的模式有相似性，但它們絕對不會完全相同，就像從電腦硬碟擷取的資訊一樣。同樣的神經元，在記憶某些東西時被使用，但在其他時間則被其他任務所佔據。
電腦是數位裝置，而人腦是類比系統，兩者根本不同，因此幻想將記憶下載到硬碟是行不通的。File Not Found（找不到檔案）是您將會得到的結果。
我們幾乎從來不會以相同的方式記住任何事情兩次。每次釋放的神經遞質數量並不相同，而且合成某些神經遞質所需的某些分子可能會短缺，例如在退化性疾病中。記憶消退的原因是神經遞質的釋放無法與之前發生的事有足夠的相似度，當某些模式無法重複時，事情就會被遺忘。這也解釋了虛假記憶比一般人認為的更常見。
按 tongkatali.org
tongkataliorg3@gmail.com
2022 年 5 月 2 日更新
參考資料：
Bhat, Rajeev; Karim, A.A. (2010), Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack): A review on its ethnobotany and pharmacological importance, Fitoterapia,
Volume 81, Issue 7, Pages 669-679
Dishman RK. (1980), Overview of ergogenic properties of hypnosis. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, Vol 51 Pages 53–4
Ferreira MP, Gendron F, McClure KC, Kindscher K. (2012), North American bioactive plants for human health and performance, Global Journal of Research on Medicinal plants & Indigenous Vol 1 Pages 568–82
Foster ZJ, Housner JA. (2004), Anabolic-androgenic steroids and testosterone precursors: Ergogenic aids and sport, Current Sports Medicine Reports, Vol 3 Pages 234–41
Shelton J, Kumar GV. (2010) Sodium bicarbonate – A potent ergogenic aid? , Food Science & Nutrition, Vol 1 Pages 1–4
Silver MD. (2001) Use of ergogenic aids by athletes Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Vol 9 Pages 61–70
Sitanggang, Bintang Riris; Prijanti, Ani Retno; Astuty, Hendri (2018), The Role of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) Extract as an Antimalarial Agent Through the Mechanism of Antioxidant Specific Activity (Superoxide Dismutase, SOD and Catalase, CAT) in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice, Advanced Science Letters, Volume 24, Number 9
Talbott, Shawn M. (2013), Human Performance and Sports Applications of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia), Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance Muscle Building, Endurance, and Strength, Pages 501-505
Tambi, Ismail (2021), Herbal medicine used to treat andrological problems: Asia and Indian subcontinent: Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia jack) , Herbal Medicine in Andrology
An Evidence-Based Update, Pages 107-111
Tambi, MIBM ; Imran, M.K.; Henkel R.R. (2012), Standardised water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia, Tongkat ali, as testosterone booster for managing men with late-onset hypogonadism?. Andrologia, Volume 44 Pages 226-230,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x
Tester, Jodie (2014), Tongkat Ali for physically active seniors, Australian Journal of Herbal Medicine. Vol. 26, Issue 4
Thu, Hnin E.; Hussain, Zahid; Mohamed, Isa Naina; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun (2018), IRecent Advances in Antibacterial, Antiprotozoal and Antifungal Trends of Eurycoma longifolia: A Review of Therapeutic Implications and Future Prospects Current Drug Targets, Volume 19, Number 14, Pages1657-1671(15)
Tong KL, Chan KL, AbuBakar S, Low BS, Ma HQ, Wong PF. (2015), The in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activities of a standardized quassinoids composition from Eurycoma longifolia on LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, PLoS One. Vol 10(3)
Turck, Dominique; Bohn, Torsten; Castenmiller, Jacqueline; Henauw, Stefaan De; Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico; Maciuk, Alexandre; Mangelsdorf, Inge; McArdle,Harry J; Naska, Androniki; Pelaez, Carmen; Pentieva, Kristina; Siani, Alfonso; Thies, Frank; Tsabouri, Sophia; Vinceti, Marco; Cubadda, Francesco; Frenzel, Thomas; Heinonen, Marina; Prieto Maradona, Miguel; Marchelli, Rosangela; Neuhäeuser-Berthold, Monika; Poulsen, Morten; Schlatter, Josef Rudolf; Loveren, Henk van; Matijevi?,Leonard; Knutsen, Helle Katrine (2021), Safety of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) root extract as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283, EFSA Journal, Volume19, Issue 12
Udani J.K.; George A.A.; Musthapa M.; Pakdaman M.N.; Abas A. (2014), Effects of a proprietary freeze-dried water extract of Eurycoma longifolia (Physta) and Polygonum minus on sexual performance and well-being in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/179529
Ulbricht, Catherine; Conquer, Julie PhD; Flanagan, Kelly; Isaac,Richard; Rusie, Erica; Windsor, Regina C. (2013)An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration, Journal of Dietary Supplements, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 54-83
Vejayan, Jaya; Mohamed, Aini Norhidayah; Zulkifli, Amira Alia; Yahya, Yasmin Amira Che; Munir, Norliana; Yusoff, Mashitah M. (2018), Marker to authenticate Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) containing aphrodisiac herbal products, Current Science
Vol. 115, No. 5, Pages 886-894
Yaseen, Maryam Riyadh; Faisal, Ghasak G; Fuaat, Azliana Abd;
Affandi, Khairunisa Ahmad; Alallam, Batoul; Nasir, Mohd Hamzah Mohd (2021), Preparation of Euyrycoma Longifolia Jack (E.L) Tongkat Ali (Ta) Root Extract Hydrogel for Wound Application, Pharmacognosy Journal, Volume 13(6), Pages 1456-1463
